- 産業: Oil & gas
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A valve usually used in well control operations to reduce the pressure of a fluid from high pressure in the closed wellbore to atmospheric pressure. It may be adjusted (opened or closed) to closely control the pressure drop. Adjustable choke valves are constructed to resist wear while high-velocity, solids-laden fluids are flowing by the restricting or sealing elements.
Industry:Oil & gas
A variation of air drilling in which a small amount of water trickles into the wellbore from exposed formations and is carried out of the wellbore by the compressed air used for air drilling. The onset of mist drilling often signals the impending end of practical air drilling, at which point the water inflow becomes too great for the compressed air to remove from the wellbore, or the produced water (usually salty) becomes a disposal problem.
Industry:Oil & gas
A volume of mud that is more dense than the mud in the drillpipe and wellbore annulus. A slug is used to displace mud out of the upper part of the drillpipe before pulling pipe out of the hole and is mixed in the pill pit by adding additional weighting material (barite) to a few barrels of mud from the surface pits. The pill is pumped into the top of the drillstring to push mud downward, out of the pipe, thus keeping the upper stands of pipe empty.
Industry:Oil & gas
A volume of 350 cm<sup>3</sup>. In mud laboratory experiments, 350 cm<sup>3</sup> is the volume chosen to represent 42 US gallons (1 oilfield barrel) (6. 6 m<sup>3</sup>), so that 1. 0 gram mass represents 1. 0 lbm. This is a convenient concept for mud technicians to use when mixing or pilot-testing mud samples. For example, in preparing a mud formulation or for pilot-testing purposes, adding 1. 0 grams to 350 cm<sup>3</sup> of fluid is the experimental equivalent of adding 1. 0 lb to 42 gallons (1. 0 bbl) of fluid.
Industry:Oil & gas
A very weak base, ZnO, which can be used as a sulfide scavenger in oil-base or synthetic-base muds.
Industry:Oil & gas
A unit of measurement for viscosity equivalent to one-hundredth of a poise and symbolized by cp. Viscosity is the ratio of shear stress to shear rate, giving the traditional unit of dyne-sec/cm<sup>2</sup> for Poise. In metric (SI) units, one cp is one millipascal-second.
Industry:Oil & gas
A valve in the drillstring that may be used to prevent the well from flowing uncontrollably up the drillstring.
Industry:Oil & gas
A unit of measurement for pressure in the International System of Units (SI), symbolized by kPa. The conversion factor from lb/in<sup>2</sup> to kPa is 6. 9 kPa per lbf/in<sup>2</sup> (psi). For example, 5000 psi = 34,500 kPa.
Industry:Oil & gas
A unit of measure for portland cement. In the United States, a sack refers the amount of cement that occupies a bulk volume of 1. 0 ft<sup>3</sup>. For most portland cement, including API classes of cement, a sack weighs 94 pounds. The sack is the basis for slurry design calculations and is often abbreviated as sk.
Industry:Oil & gas
A unit of concentration for solutions of reagent chemicals used in testing mud chemistry. Normality provides a simple relationship between the volume in cm<sup>3</sup> of reagent added during a titration and the chemical equivalents of a material with which the reagent reacts. A one-normal (1N) solution contains the equivalent weight in grams dissolved in one liter of solution.
Industry:Oil & gas
