- 産業: Oil & gas
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Describing a type of acoustic transducer that emits or receives energy in all directions. Monopole transducers are used in standard sonic logs, and also in array-sonic logs to record shear and Stoneley waves.
Industry:Oil & gas
Describing a waveform or a log that has been recorded by a set of dipole receivers oriented orthogonally (or 90<sup>0</sup> out of line) with a dipole transmitter. In sonic logging, cross-dipole flexural modes are used to determine shear anisotropy together with in-line flexural modes. The data are processed using the Alford rotation.
Industry:Oil & gas
Описание кровати, которая поддерживает его оригинальной толщины во время деформации. Часто относится к сравнительно хрупких, твердых слоев, которые деформируются, разломов, ГРП или складывания, а не течет при стрессе. Некомпетентных кровати более пластичный и склонны потока в состоянии стресса, поэтому их изменения толщины постели легче во время деформации.
Industry:Oil & gas
Dense solids, such as barite or hematite, which are added to a mud to increase its density, also known as weighting material. The concentration of high-gravity solids in a weighted mud is measured by the mud engineer daily using mud weight, retort data, chloride titration data and other information. Solids are reported as lbm/bbl or vol. %. The specific gravity of water is 1. 00, barite is 4. 20, and hematite 5. 505 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Drill solids and other low-gravity solids are normally assumed to be 2. 60 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.
Industry:Oil & gas
Contaminated with sulfur or sulfur compounds, especially hydrogen sulfide. Crude oil and gas that are sour typically have an odor of rotten eggs if the concentration of sulfur is low. At high concentrations, sulfur is odorless and deadly.
Industry:Oil & gas
Глины включены в так называемый родной твердые грязевые при бурении мелких образований. Родной глины являются нежелательными в грязи, которые являются (или будет) с барита. Вязкость взвешенной жидкости может быстро увеличиваться с добавлен родной глины, что делает его трудно контролировать и насосные грязи. Лучше грязь свойства результата, когда уровень бурение твердых веществ, включая уровень родной глины, сохраняется низкий.
Industry:Oil & gas
Clay minerals whose surfaces have been coated with a chemical to make them oil-dispersible. Bentonite and hectorite (plate-like clays) and attapulgite and sepiolite (rod-shaped clays) are treated with oil-wetting agents during manufacturing and are used as oil-mud additives. Quaternary fatty-acid amine is applied to the clay. Amine may be applied to dry clay during grinding or it can be applied to clay dispersed in water. The latter process is much more expensive, requiring filtering, drying and other manufacturing steps. Organophilic bentonite and hectorite, "bentones," are used in oil muds to build rheology for cuttings lifting and solids suspension. They also contribute to low-permeability filter cake. Organophilic attapulgite and sepiolite are used in oil muds strictly to build gel structure, which may not be long lasting due to shear degradation as the mud is pumped through the bit.
Industry:Oil & gas
Cement that has no additives to modify its setting time or rheological properties.
Industry:Oil & gas
Химического вещества, извлеченные из коры деревьев и используется как трехвалентный глины в воде грязи. Дубильные вещества являются средней молекулярной массой, анионных полимеров с сложными структурами. Квебрахо это танин.
Industry:Oil & gas
Chemical treatment or mechanical processes that improve a mineral or ore for its designed use. For example, barite and bentonite clay minerals are beneficiated in order to help them meet certain specifications for use in drilling fluids. <br><br>Reference:<br>Garrett RL: "Quality Requirements for Industrial Minerals Used in Drilling Fluids," Mining Engineering 39, no. 11 (November 1987): 1011-1016.
Industry:Oil & gas
