- 産業: Oil & gas
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A flow regime that occurs when the predominant flow pattern in the reservoir is toward a point. Spherical flow occurs for partial penetration and limited-entry completions. This flow regime is recognized as a -1/2 slope in the pressure derivative on the log-log diagnostic plot. Its presence enables determination of the spherical permeability. When spherical flow is followed by radial flow, both horizontal and vertical permeability can be quantified.
Industry:Oil & gas
A flow regime resulting from combined simultaneous linear flow in perpendicular directions. This flow regime is seen most commonly in tests of hydraulically fractured wells and occurs for finite-conductivity fracture where linear flow exists both in the fracture and to the fracture plane. This flow regime is recognized as a 1/4 slope in the pressure derivative on the log-log diagnostic plot. Its presence enables determination of the fracture conductivity.
Industry:Oil & gas
A flow regime characterized by parallel flow lines in the reservoir. This results from flow to a fracture or a long horizontal well, or from flow in an elongated reservoir, such as a fluvial channel, or as a formation bounded by parallel faults. Linear flow is recognized as a +1/2 slope in the pressure derivative on the log-log diagnostic plot. Its presence enables determination of the fracture half-length or the channel or reservoir width, if permeability can be determined independently.
Industry:Oil & gas
A flow rate that does not change appreciably during a test period. Flow rates are never truly constant, but changes of only a few percent do not affect the results of well-test analysis appreciably if the rate is averaged over the flow period.
Industry:Oil & gas
A fixed choke used to control the flow of fluids, usually mounted on or close to the Christmas tree. A bean choke contains a replaceable insert, or bean, made from hardened steel or similar durable material. The insert is manufactured with a precise diameter hole that forms the choke through which all fluids must pass. Choke inserts are available in a complete range of sizes, generally identified by choke diameter stated in 64ths of an inch; for example, a "32 bean" is equivalent to a 1/2-in. Choke diameter.
Industry:Oil & gas
A fixed choke or a choke with an adjustable needle, sleeve or plate that can be changed to adjust the flow rate. The flow rate from a well is limited to conserve reservoir energy, decrease friction forces and improve production efficiency and prevent development of conditions that can reduce ultimate recovery. A high rate of fluid can generate a drastic cooling effect near the wellbore with the precipitation of scales and paraffins as well as a reduction of the oil relative permeability because of an increase in gas saturation.
Industry:Oil & gas
A fixed choke or a choke with an adjustable needle, sleeve or plate that can be changed to adjust the flow rate.
Industry:Oil & gas
A fishing tool used to engage on the internal diameter of a hollow fish, such as drillpipe or drill collar. By rotating the taper tap when it is in contact with the fish, a threaded profile is cut, enabling the taper tap to securely engage the fish before retrieval.
Industry:Oil & gas
A fishing tool used for the retrieval of broken or cut slickline from the wellbore. Wireline grabs are intended to catch and engage wireline that has been bunched or nested in the wellbore. For that reason, they are often run after a blind box or similar fullbore tool has been used to nest the wireline.
Industry:Oil & gas
A fine-grained, fissile, detrital sedimentary rock formed by consolidation of clay- and silt-sized particles into thin, relatively impermeable layers. It is the most abundant sedimentary rock. Shale can include relatively large amounts of organic material compared with other rock types and thus has potential to become a rich hydrocarbon source rock, even though a typical shale contains just 1% organic matter. Its typical fine grain size and lack of permeability, a consequence of the alignment of its platy or flaky grains, allow shale to form a good cap rock for hydrocarbon traps. <br><br>Gas shows from shales during drilling have led some shales to be targeted as potential gas reservoirs. Various clay types and volumes influence the quality of the reservoir from a petrophysical and geomechanical perspective. The quality of shale reservoirs depends on their thickness and extent, organic content, thermal maturity, depth and pressure, fluid saturations, and permeability, among other factors.
Industry:Oil & gas
