- 産業: Oil & gas
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A systems tract bounded below by a downlap surface and above by a sequence boundary, commonly abbreviated as HST. This systems tract is characterized by an aggradational to progradational parasequence set.
Industry:Oil & gas
A system that is in a transient state at the time of a measurement. In the case of permeability measurements on core samples, two transient techniques are used. In the pressure falloff method, the sample is at atmospheric pressure, either in a chamber or under a probe. Fluid at a higher pressure is released into one end of the sample. The decay of pressure with time at that end of the sample is recorded and analyzed by techniques similar to those used for transient well tests. In the pulse-decay method, the sample is held in a chamber and connected to two reservoirs, all of which are filled with a fluid at high pressure. The pressure in one of the reservoirs is increased a small amount and then re-connected to the sample. The change in pressure with time of this sample is recorded and analyzed using flow equations.
Industry:Oil & gas
A system that has reached equilibrium for the measurement or phenomenon concerned. In the case of permeability measurements on core samples, a steady state is reached when the flow rate, the upstream and the downstream pressures no longer change with time. At this point the permeability can be calculated from the flow rate and pressures and applying Darcy's equation. If gas is used, the inertial resistance and gas slippage (Klinkenberg effect) should be corrected for.
Industry:Oil & gas
A system of seals arranged on the component that engages in a sealbore to isolate the production-tubing conduit from the annulus. The seal assembly is typically longer than the sealbore to enable some movement of the components while maintaining an efficient seal.
Industry:Oil & gas
A system of classifying the material specifications for steel alloys used in the manufacture of tubing.
Industry:Oil & gas
A system for converting the measurements recorded by a wireline or measurements-while-drilling (MWD) tool into a suitable form for transmission to the surface. In the case of wireline logging, the measurements are converted into electronic pulses or analog signals that are sent up the cable. In the case of MWD, they are usually converted into an amplitude or frequency-modulated pattern of mud pulses. Some MWD tools use wirelines run inside the drillpipe. Others use wireless telemetry, in which signals are sent as electromagnetic waves through the Earth. Wireless telemetry is also used downhole to send signals from one part of an MWD tool to another.
Industry:Oil & gas
A system for color-coding three-dimensional information. This system is used in wireline log analysis to provide color shading in which the final color is determined by the values of three curves. One curve dictates the intensity of red, a second the intensity of green, and the third the intensity of blue. The final resulting color is the result of the three input curves. The input curves may be raw curves from the field or computed curves. When used for correlation work on cross sections, the curves must have been normalized to remove the effects of incorrect calibrations and borehole problems. <br><br>Reference:<br><br>Doveton JH: 鈥淕eologic Log Analysis Using Computer Methods,鈥?AAPG Computer Applications in Geology, No. 2. AAPG, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA (1994): 39-41.
Industry:Oil & gas
A system composed of a scrubber, a compressor and a switch. Its main purpose is to recover vapors formed inside completely sealed crude oil or condensate tanks. <br><br>The switch detects pressure variations inside the tanks and turns the compressor on and off. The vapors are sucked through a scrubber, where the liquid trapped is returned to the liquid pipeline system or to the tanks, and the vapor recovered is pumped into gas lines.
Industry:Oil & gas
A survey technique that measures the seismic signal transmitted from a source, located in one well, to a receiver array in a neighboring well. The resulting data are processed to create a reflection image or to map the acoustic velocity or other properties (velocities of P- and S-waves, for example) of the area between wells. Placement of the source and receiver array in adjacent wells not only enables the formation between wells to be surveyed, it also avoids seismic signal propagation through attenuative near-surface formations. Another advantage is that it places the source and receiver near the reservoir zone of interest, thereby obtaining better resolution than is possible with conventional surface seismic surveys. This technique is often used for high-resolution reservoir characterization when surface seismic or vertical seismic profile (VSP) data lack resolution, or for time-lapse monitoring of fluid movements in the reservoir.
Industry:Oil & gas
A surface exhibiting evidence of an abrupt increase in water depth, separating younger from older strata. The surface may also display evidence of minor submarine erosion. It forms in response to an increase in water depth and typically bounds parasequences. In sequence stratigraphic terminology, it replaces the older, more generic term "trangressive surface," although it is not a strict equivalent. <br>This term is also used as a short version of the terms maximum flooding surface or marine flooding surface.
Industry:Oil & gas
