- 産業: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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Collective term for the personnel required to run a successful hydraulic fracturing operation. Members of the frac crew prepare the equipment on the wellsite prior to the operation, mix and pump the necessary chemicals and fluids during the frac job and render the wellsite location safe following the completion of the operation.
Industry:Oil & gas
Clay that is scattered throughout the pore space. There are three general types: pore lining, pore filling and pore bridging. The terms dispersed clay and dispersed shale tend to be used synonymously.
Industry:Oil & gas
Circulation of heated fluid, typically oil, to dissolve or dislodge paraffin deposits from the production tubing. Such deposits tend to occur where a large variation in temperature exists across the producing system.
Industry:Oil & gas
Chemical explosive material having an extremely high reaction rate that creates very high combustion pressures, unlike low explosives that have a much lower reaction rate and are commonly used as propellants. High explosives are further categorized as primary- and secondary-high explosive. Primary-high explosives are very sensitive, can be detonated easily and are generally used only in percussion and electrical detonators. Secondary-high explosives are less sensitive, require a high-energy shock wave to achieve detonation and are safer to handle. Secondary-high explosives are used in almost all elements of a ballistic chain, other than the detonator, such as in detonating cord and shaped charges.
Industry:Oil & gas
Chemicals and materials added to a cement slurry to modify the characteristics of the slurry or set cement. Cement additives may be broadly categorized as accelerators, retarders, fluid-loss additives, dispersants, extenders, weighting agents, lost circulation additives and special additives designed for specific operating conditions. Cement additives are commonly available in powder or liquid form, enabling some flexibility in how the cement slurry is prepared.
Industry:Oil & gas
Cementing operations performed to repair primary-cementing problems or to treat conditions arising after the wellbore has been constructed. The two main categories of remedial cementing include squeeze cementing and the placement of cement plugs.
Industry:Oil & gas
Behavior observed when a well reaches stabilized production from a limited drainage volume. For constant-rate production, under pseudosteady state, the difference between the flowing wellbore pressure and the average reservoir pressure in the drainage volume is constant, and the pressure drawdown is a linear function of time, resulting in a unit slope in the log-log pressure derivative. The late-time buildup pressure will level off to the average reservoir pressure if the buildup duration is sufficient long, resulting in a sudden drop in the log-log pressure derivative. Pressure depletion occurs with continued pseudosteady-state production.
Industry:Oil & gas
Bacteria that can live with or without oxygen and produce mats of high-density slime that cover surfaces. Their primary detrimental effects are the protection of sulfate-reducing bacteria and pore plugging.
Industry:Oil & gas
Any thin material, liquid or powder, which, applied over a structure, forms a continuous film to protect against corrosion. <br><br>Corrosion coatings should possess flexibility, resistance against impact and moisture, good adhesion and cohesion, and chemical resistance to the exposure conditions (such as temperature, hydrogen sulfide). <br><br>Organic coatings such as polyethylenes (plastic) are normally used for external protection of pipelines while asphalt and coal tar enamels are used to protect buried pipes or undersides of oilfield tanks. Inorganic coating such as zinc-silicate is used to protect drilling and production platforms above the splash zone and nickel phosphate coating is used to protect packer body parts.
Industry:Oil & gas
Any system that adds energy to the fluid column in a wellbore with the objective of initiating and improving production from the well. Artificial-lift systems use a range of operating principles, including rod pumping, gas lift and electric submersible pump.
Industry:Oil & gas
