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Routledge is a global publisher of academic books, journals and online resources in the humanities and social sciences.
(born 1935) Highly original American film-maker, born Allen Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn.
Beginning as a stand-up comedian, he ultimately earned a worldwide reputation as an incredibly prolific and innovative writer, director and actor. He became famous for his hilarious portrayal of neurotic, intellectual Jewish New Yorkers (e.g. Annie Hall), but has experimented with many different film genres, including serious drama and offbeat musicals. In the summer of 1992, he gained additional public notoriety for his romantic relationship with Soon-Yi Previn, adopted daughter of his long-term romantic partner Mia Farrow.
Industry:Culture
(born 1935) Playing piano in seeming reckless abandon, Lewis, along with Chuck Berry, Little Richard and Elvis Presley, is one of the creators of rock ’n’ roll. Known by his family and friends (including televangelist cousin Jimmy Swaggart) as “The Killer” for his performance technique, Lewis hit Memphis after reading of Presley’s success as a white R&R singer and recorded “Whole Lot of Shaking Goin’ On” (1957). He followed this huge hit with “Great Balls of Fire” (1957). During a tour of England, the press revealed he had married his thirteen-year-old second cousin; his career suffered until the late 1960s when he made a minor comeback.
Industry:Culture
(born 1935) Republican vice-presidential running-mate to Bob Dole in 1996, Kemp has a long career in public service. Emphasizing the need for tax-cuts to stimulate economic growth, Kemp served as US Representative for New York for nine terms from 1971 to 1989, and then served for four years as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Kemp was a professional football quarterback for thirteen years playing for the San Diego Chargers and Buffalo Bills. He is currently on the Board of Directors of Empower America, a public policy and advocacy group founded in 1993.
Industry:Culture
(born 1935) Trailblazing female singer/songwriter in country music, born in Butcher Hollow, Kentucky At thirteen she became pregnant and left home to be with her husband Mooney. She taught herself to play guitar and won a talent contest soon after her eighteenth birthday In 1960 she played at the Grand Ole Opry and thereafter moved her family to Nashville. In the 1970s, she released her biggest hit, “Coal Miner’s Daughter” (1970), a loving anthem to her poor but proud rural background. In 1976 she became the first country artist to hit number one on the New York Times bestseller list with her autobiography, which Hollywood released as Coal Miner’s Daughter (1980).
Industry:Culture
(1935 – 1977) A legend whose life and career can hardly be captured or even hinted at in so brief a space as this, Elvis Presley was one of the biggest stars of the twentieth century.
Recording for Sam Phillips’ Sun Records in Memphis, TN in 1954–5, Presley released a series of singles with a country side backed with a blues side. His cover of Arthur Crudup’s “That’s All Right (Mama)” (1954) signaled the arrival of an explosive and unique new performer. Combining the impassioned singing of the Pentecostal churches with the country and blues music he heard on the radio, Presley defined the mixture of black and white Southern sounds which was rockabilly.
In November 1955, now under the management of Tom Parker, Presley’s contract was sold to RCA for the then exorbitant sum of $35,000. Presley continued to record startling and hugely successful rock ’n’ roll songs, but increasingly his debt to Dean Martin was highlighted. He recorded more pop-oriented songs, with lush productions, and embarked on a film career. By the time he emerged from a two-year stint in the army in 1960, he had largely abandoned rock for pop. For most of the 1960s, Presley eschewed performing, instead filming two or three movies a year and recording the generally mediocre soundtracks. A stunning 1968 television special proved that Elvis could still rock. “Suspicious Minds” (1969) and “In the Ghetto” (1969) were both popular and critical successes. Presley spent much of the 1970s performing in Las Vegas, taking drugs and getting fat at his Graceland mansion in Memphis.
Industry:Culture
(1935 – 1984) Brautigan was greatly influenced by the beat generation writers during the 1950s when he lived in San Francisco. He published poetry throughout his career as well as a collection of short stories, but was best known during the 1960s and 1970s as a novelist who achieved almost cultlike status in the counterculture through his absurdist plots, rebellious characters and wry gentle sense of humor that obliquely poked fun at the Establishment. Brautigan dropped out of circulation during most of the 1970s, then reappeared in 1982 to publish a final book before apparently committing suicide in 1984.
Industry:Culture
(born 1936) Author of eleven novels, including White Noise, The Names, Mao II, Underworld and Americana, the title of which announced his gradually emerging project. DeLillo has patiently assembled individual and group portraits since the 1950s. He knows American quirks of character, especially quirks of language: no American writer alive has a better ear. Incomparably craft-conscious (humble before punctuation), DeLillo shames poets with his rhythmic, mouth-oriented prose and sometimes scares readers with his ability to access our internal modems, to appropriate and make art of our unspoken broken English.
Other writers’ narrators talk to themselves; his DeLilloquize.
Industry:Culture
(born 1936) Born in Archer City, Texas, McMurtry has chronicled the changing fortunes of modern—and sometimes disappearing—Texas with humor and insight. Unforgettable characters populate his small towns and cowboy society; he has also addressed the foibles of contemporary Houston (Terms of Endearment, 1975, film 1983) and Las Vegas, NV (Desert Rose, 1983). His popular works have also translated into major motion pictures (The Last Picture Show, 1966, film 1971) as well as landmark television miniseries and sequels based on the Pulitzer-prize-winning Lonesome Dove (1986), which richly recreates the tales of an 1870s cattle drive (miniseries 1989; sequels 1993 and 1995).
Industry:Culture
(born 1936) Female actor, dancer and comedian; her longrunning sitcom roles personified changing images of American females. As Laurie Petrie, suburban wife and mother on the Dick Van Dyke Show (1961–6), Moore projected innocence and enthusiasm. These qualities were tempered as she portrayed a single woman in a television newsroom in the Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970–7); Moore won multiple Emmys in both roles. Her joint production company with husband Grant Tinker, also contributed television milestones like Hill Street Blues (NBC, 1981–7). Her later career has seen expansion to dramatic roles in film (Oscar nomination for Ordinary People, 1980) and stage, alongside deep personal tragedies.
Industry:Culture
(born 1936) In 1967 Dees founded the Southern Poverty Law Center in Montgomery Alabama, guiding it for years despite arson and death threats. Victories against segregation at the Montgomery YMCA (1969) and in the Alabama State Police led to nationwide work against race and gender discrimination and brutality in prisons, for fair housing, fair medical care, worker rights and safety and just taxation. Since 1980, Dees and the Center have fought organized hate groups. An education program called “Teaching Tolerance” discourages the spread of hate, while legal victories, establishing that hate groups can be held collectively responsible for hate crimes committed by individual members, have bankrupted the Alabama Ku Klux Klan (1981) and the White Aryan Resistance Movement (1991).
Industry:Culture
