- 産業: Library & information science
- Number of terms: 152252
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The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
1) The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
2) Formation of glucose within the animal body from precursors other than carbohydrates especially by the liver and kidney using amino acids from proteins, glycerol from fats, or lactate produced by muscle during anaerobic glycolysis -- called also glyconeogenesis.
3) The process of making glucose (sugar) from its own breakdown products or from the breakdown products of lipids (fats) or proteins. Gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in cells of the liver or kidney.
Industry:Medical
Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as gametogenesis and sex steroid hormone production in the ovary and the testis. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (gonadotropins, pituitary) and the placenta (chorionic gonadotropin). In some species, pituitary prolactin and placental lactogen exert some luteotropic activities.
Industry:Medical
1) Oral tissue surrounding and attached to teeth.
2) The mucous membrane-covered tissue of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth.
3) Of or relating to the gums.
Industry:Medical
1) Chemicals whose molecular or ionic structure includes an unpaired ("free") electron, usually conferring high reactivity; in biological systems, most free radicals contain oxygen.
2) Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
Industry:Medical
1) A neoplasm that often involves blood vessels, usually occurs in the pancreas or the wall of the duodenum, and produces excessive amounts of gastrin which stimulates gastric-acid secretion and consequent formation of ulcers especially in the duodenum and the jejunum.
2) A tumor that causes overproduction of gastric acid. It usually begins in the duodenum (first part of the small intestine that connects to the stomach) or the islet cells of the pancreas. Rarely, it may also begin in other organs, including the stomach, liver, jejunum (the middle part of the small intestine), biliary tract (organs and ducts that make and store bile), mesentery, or heart. It is a type of neuroendocrine tumor, and it may metastasize (spread) to the liver and the lymph nodes.
Industry:Medical
1) A gene pool is the total genetic diversity found within a population or a species. A large gene pool has extensive genetic diversity and is better able to withstand the challenges posed by environmental stresses. Inbreeding contributes to the creation of a small gene pool and makes populations or species more likely to go extinct when faced with some type of stress.
2) The collection of genes in an interbreeding population that includes each gene at a certain frequency in relation to its alleles: the genetic information of a population of interbreeding organisms.
Industry:Medical
The genome is the entire set of genetic instructions found in a cell. In humans, the genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, found in the nucleus, as well as a small chromosome found in the cells' mitochondria. These chromosomes, taken together, contain approximately 3. 1 billion bases of DNA sequence.
Industry:Medical
Gene regulation is the process of turning genes on and off. During early development, cells begin to take on specific functions. Gene regulation ensures that the appropriate genes are expressed at the proper times. Gene regulation can also help an organism respond to its environment. Gene regulation is accomplished by a variety of mechanisms including chemically modifying genes and using regulatory proteins to turn genes on or off.
Industry:Medical
1) Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
2) Assignment of a locus to a specific chromosome or determining the sequence of genes and their relative distance from one another on a chromosome.
3) Determination of the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule (chromosome or plasmid) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them.
4) Gene mapping is the process of establishing the locations of genes on the chromosomes. Early gene maps used linkage analysis. The closer two genes are to each other on the chromosome, the more likely it is that they will be inherited together. By following inheritance patterns, the relative positions of genes can be determined. More recently, scientists have used recombinant DNA (rDNA) techniques to establish the actual physical locations of genes on the chromosomes.
Industry:Medical
