- 産業: Library & information science
- Number of terms: 152252
- Number of blossaries: 0
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The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
1) DNA repair genes encode DNA repair proteins, involved in enzymatic restoration of DNA structure after chemical, radiation, or spontaneous damage. (NCI)
2) Genes encoding proteins that correct errors in DNA sequencing.
3) Certain genes that are part of a DNA repair pathway; when altered, they permit mutations to pile up throughout the DNA.
Industry:Medical
1) The exchange of a segment of DNA between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis leading to a novel combination of genetic material in the offspring
2) Crossing over is the swapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line. During the formation of egg and sperm cells, also known as meiosis, paired chromosomes from each parent align so that similar DNA sequences from the paired chromosomes cross over one another. Crossing over results in a shuffling of genetic material and is an important cause of the genetic variation seen among offspring.
Industry:Medical
1) Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
2) Soluble factors elaborated by cells of the immune system that act on other cells to regulate their function.
3) Any of a class of immunoregulatory proteins (as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon) that are secreted by cells especially of the immune system.
4) A substance that is produced by cells of the immune system and can affect the immune response. Cytokines can also be produced in the laboratory by recombinant DNA technology and given to people to affect immune responses.
Industry:Medical
A syndrome caused by a microdeletion that spans two or more genes tandemly positioned along a chromosome. Microdeletion is often too small to be visualized using conventional cytogenetic techniques; detection often requires fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
Industry:Medical
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related hemeproteins found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (mixed function oxygenases). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (biotransformation). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Industry:Medical
1) Drug or radiation effects on DNA that interfere with normal function, including conformational distortions and covalent gene mutations.
2) Drug- or radiation-induced injuries in DNA that introduce deviations from its normal double-helical conformation. These changes include structural distortions which interfere with replication and transcription, as well as point mutations which disrupt base pairs and exert damaging effects on future generations through changes in DNA sequence. If the damage is minor, it can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce apoptosis.
Industry:Medical
1) Absence of a segment of DNA; may be as small as a single base or large enough to encompass one or more entire genes. Large deletions involving a whole segment of a chromosome may be detected by routine examination of the chromosomes; intermediate deletions involving a few genes may be detected by using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH); smaller deletions involving a portion of a gene may only be detected by analyzing the DNA.
2) A loss of part of the DNA from a chromosome; can lead to a disease or abnormality.
3) Deletion is a type of mutation involving the loss of genetic material. It can be small, involving a single missing DNA base pair, or large, involving a piece of a chromosome.
Industry:Medical
1) Of, relating to, or being a corona.
2) Lying in the direction of the coronal suture. 3: Of or relating to the frontal plane that passes through the long axis of the body.
Industry:Medical
The act or process of depleting or the state of being depleted: as a: the reduction or loss of blood, body fluids, chemical constituents, or stored materials from the body (as by hemorrhage or malnutrition) b: a debilitated state caused by excessive loss of body fluids or other constituents.
Industry:Medical
