- 産業: Library & information science
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The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
An infection caused by a group of bacteria called Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). MAC include Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and other similar Mycobacteria. MAC bacteria can be found in drinking water, dirt, and household dust. MAC infection usually starts in the lungs and intestines, but can spread throughout the body (disseminated). Symptoms of disseminated MAC infection include fever, night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, fatigue, and diarrhea. Most people with healthy immune systems are not affected by the bacteria. In people infected with HIV, MAC infection that is outside of the lungs (extrapulmonary) or that has disseminated is an AIDS-defining condition.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by breathing in spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis. The infection starts in the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body, including the skin, brain, bones, and heart. In people with HIV, disseminated (extrapulmonary) coccidioidomycosis is an AIDS-defining condition.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and usually associated with lesions on the lips, mouth, and face. HSV-1 is very contagious and is transmitted by direct contact with someone who is infected (even if lesions are not visible). Treatment cannot completely clear HSV-1 from the body, but antiviral therapy can shorten and prevent outbreaks and reduce the risk of transmission. People with weakened immune systems, such as people with HIV, are more likely to have lesions that spread to other parts of the body than people with healthy immune systems.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and usually associated with lesions in the genital or anal area. HSV-2 is very contagious and is transmitted by sexual contact with someone who is infected (even if lesions are not visible). Treatment cannot eradicate HSV-2 from the body, but antiviral therapy can shorten and prevent outbreaks and reduce the risk of transmission. People with weakened immune systems, such as people with HIV, are more likely to have lesions that spread to other parts of the body than people with healthy immune systems.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). HHV-6 is primarily transmitted through saliva and usually causes disease only in children or people with weakened immune systems. HHV-6 can cause neurological diseases, such as encephalitis and febrile seizures. HHV-6 can also cause fever and rash (roseola), which mostly affects children between 6 months and 2 years old.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by several species of the protozoan parasite microsporidia. Microsporidia usually infect the gastrointestinal tract but may also infect other parts of the body, such as the eyes, respiratory tract, or brain. The most common symptoms are chronic diarrhea and wasting, but symptoms vary greatly depending on the site of infection. Microsporidiosis occurs primarily in people with weakened immune systems, especially people with HIV or people who have undergone organ transplants.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium kansasii. The bacteria can be found in water, dirt, and food. M. kansasii usually infects the lungs, but can also infect other organs and/or can spread throughout the body (disseminated). Most people with healthy immune systems are not affected by the bacteria. In people infected with HIV, M. kansasii infection that is outside of the lungs (extrapulmonary) or that has disseminated is an AIDS-defining condition.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculosis (TB), also referred to as Mycobacterium infection, is spread when a person with an active infection (TB disease) coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, and then a person nearby breathes in the bacteria. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. There are two forms of TB: latent TB infection and TB disease. In people with HIV, TB is considered an AIDS-defining condition.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus. Invasive aspergillosis is a serious lung infection that can spread to other parts of the body. It occurs almost exclusively in people with low blood levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, and weakened immune systems. Invasive aspergillosis in a person with HIV is rare.
Industry:Health care
An infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. The fungus enters and infects the body through the lungs. Cryptococcosis may go away on its own, remain in the lungs, or spread throughout the body (disseminate). Most cases of cryptococcosis are in people with weakened immune systems, such as people with HIV. In people with HIV, cryptococcosis is an AIDS-defining condition.
Industry:Health care
