- 産業: Library & information science
- Number of terms: 152252
- Number of blossaries: 0
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The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
Adaptation of an organism to changing conditions of the environment (especially chemical) is accompanied by the emergence of stresses in biochemical systems which exceed the limits of normal (homeostatic) mechanisms. Compensation is a temporary concealed pathology which later on can be manifested in the form of explicit pathological changes (decompensation).
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
Adaptation of an organism to changing conditions of the environment (especially chemical) is accompanied by the emergence of stresses in biochemical systems which exceed the limits of normal (homeostatic) mechanisms. Compensation is a temporary concealed pathology which later on can be manifested in the form of explicit pathological changes (decompensation).
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
Study that examines the relationship between diseases (or other health-related characteristics) and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at one particular time.
Note: Disease prevalence rather than incidence is normally recorded in a cross-sectional study and the temporal sequence of cause and effect cannot necessarily be determined.
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication.
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to a naturally occurring substance and which produces an effect similar to that of the natural substance.
Note 1: A partial agonist activates a receptor but does not cause as much of a physiological change as does a full agonist.
Note 2: A co-agonist works together with other co-agonists to produce a desired effect.
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
Measure of the tendency for a substance in water to accumulate in organisms, especially fish.
Note 1. The equilibrium concentration of a substance in fish can be estimated by multiplying its concentration in the surrounding water by its bioconcentration factor in fish.
Note 2. This parameter is an important determinant for human intake of aquatic food by the ingestion route.
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
Any of a group of soluble proteins that are released by a cell causing a change in function or development of the same cell (autocrine), an adjacent cell (paracrine), or a distant cell (endocrine); cytokines are involved in reproduction, growth and development, normal homeostatic regulation, response to injury and repair, blood clotting, and host resistance (immunity and tolerance).
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
1. A method of sampling in which the population is divided into aggregates (or clusters) of items bound together in a certain manner. A sample of these clusters is taken at random and all the items which constitute them are included in the sample.
2. A sampling method in which each unit selected is a group of persons (all persons in a city block, a family, etc.) rather than an individual.
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
1. Of short duration, in relation to exposure or effect; the effect usually shows a rapid onset.
Note: In regulatory toxicology, ‘acute’ refers to studies where dosing is either single or limited to one day although the total study duration may extend to two weeks to permit appearance of toxicity in susceptible organ systems.
2. In clinical medicine, sudden and severe, having a rapid onset.
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
Serious illness which is a consequence of consumption of bivalve shellfish (mollusks) such as mussels, oysters and clams that have ingested, by filter feeding, large quantities of micro-algae containing a group of high molecular weight polyethers such as okadaic acid, dinophysis toxins, pectenotoxins, and yessotoxin; gastroenteritis develops shortly after ingestion and generally lasts 1-2 days.
Industry:Biology; Chemistry
