- 産業: Earth science
- Number of terms: 10770
- Number of blossaries: 1
- Company Profile:
The UK charity dedicated to the protection of the marine environment and its wildlife.
Either of two parallels of latitude 23°27' north and south of the equator, being the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; also the region bounded by these latitudes.
Industry:Earth science
Electromagnetic radiation lying in the wavelength interval from 0. 7 µ to 1000 µ. Its lower limit is bounded by visible radiation, and its upper limit by microwave radiation. Most energy emitted by Earth and its atmosphere is at infrared wavelength. Infrared radiation is generated almost entirely by large-scale intramolecular processes. The triatomic gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, absorb infrared radiation and play important roles in propagating infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Abbreviated IR; also called "longwave radiation. "
Industry:Earth science
Energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules in a substance; in general, this energy can be measured by temperature. Heat energy exists as either sensible heat or latent heat.
Industry:Earth science
Energy propagated through space or through material media in the form of an advancing disturbance in electric and magnetic fields existing in space or in the media. The term radiation alone is used commonly for this type of energy, although it actually has a broader meaning. Also called electromagnetic energy or simply radiation. See electromagnetic spectrum.
Industry:Earth science
Environment that is influenced by seawater with a salinity less than 35 parts per thousand (usually caused by the presence of an inflow of fresh water).
Industry:Earth science
Evaporation can be defined as the process by which liquid water is converted into a gaseous state. Evaporation can only occur when water is available. It also requires that the humidity of the atmosphere be less than the evaporating surface (at 100% relative humidity there is no more evaporation). The evaporation process requires large amounts of energy. For example, the evaporation of one gram of water at a temperature of 100° Celsius requires 540 calories of heat energy (600 calories at 0° Celsius).
Industry:Earth science
Exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation for a steady vortex in which the diffusion of vorticity is balanced by vortex stretching in an external strain field. The vortex has a Gaussian shape. For example, for a vertical axisymmetric vortex in an external velocity field given by (u,v,w)=\gamma (-x/2,-y/2,z), the vorticity is \omega = \omega_0 exp(-\gamma (x^2 + y^2)/4\nu) in which \nu is the kinematic viscosity.
Industry:Earth science
Expresses the ratio of the destabilizing effects of buoyancy to the stabilizing effects of diffusion of heat and momentum. Explicitly, Ra=g\beta \Delta T H^3/(\nu\kappa) in which g is the acceleration due to gravity, \beta is the thermal expansion coefficient, \Delta T is the temperature difference, h is the vertical length scale, \nu is the kinematic viscosity, and \kappa is the thermal diffusivity. The Rayleigh number is usually used to classify the stability of a fluid column heated from below, convection resulting when some relatively small value is exceeded.
Industry:Earth science
Expressible or approximately expressible by an exponential function; especially characterized by or being an extremely rapid increase (as in size or extent); an exponential growth rate.
Industry:Earth science
