- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The difference between amounts of precipitation and runoff for a given storm; it is that portion of the precipitation that remains in the basin as soil moisture, surface storage, groundwater, etc.
Industry:Weather
The depth range, where it exists, between the bottom of the oceanic surface mixed layer and the thermocline, usually at a depth between 30 and 80 m. The barrier layer is found in tropical regions where the mixed layer contains water of lower salinity than but identical in temperature to that of the water below. Its significance is that it acts as a barrier to the vertical penetration of heat into the ocean because, without a temperature gradient at the bottom of the mixed layer, entrainment of water from below does not remove any heat from the mixed layer.
Industry:Weather
The deformation of the solid earth directly due to tide-generating forces and indirectly by the tidal load of the ocean. The presence of bodily tides causes a change in the total tide-generating potential for the World Ocean.
Industry:Weather
The cylindrical vessel in a mercury barometer into which the tube dips. The cistern may be adjustable (Fortin barometer) or fixed (Kew barometer) with respect to the tube.
Industry:Weather
The corrections that must be applied to the reading of a mercury barometer in order that this observed value may be rendered accurate. There are four kinds. 1) The instrument correction is the mean difference between the readings of a given mercury barometer and those of a standard instrument. It is a composite correction, including the effects of capillarity (see capillarity correction), index misalignment, imperfect vacuum, and scale correction, which are the barometric errors. 2) The temperature correction is applied to account for the difference between the coefficient of expansion of mercury and that of the scale. 3) The gravity correction is necessary because the acceleration of gravity varies with both altitude and latitude. 4) The removal correction is applied when the barometer elevation differs from the adopted station elevation and/or climatological station elevation. See also capacity correction.
Industry:Weather
The calculation of the concentration of a gas in the atmosphere given by a balance between its sources and removal or sink processes. The sources may be direct emissions from the surface, or from reactions of other species in the atmosphere.
Industry:Weather
The burning of vegetation over large tracts of land, usually in tropical countries. This biomass burning restores nutrients to the soil, but also causes plumes of smoke containing partially burnt gases, secondary pollutants such as ozone, and particles that can extend downwind for hundreds of kilometers.
Industry:Weather
The branch of climatology that deals with the relations of climate and life, especially the effects of climate on the health and activity of human beings (human bioclimatology) and on animals and plants. See phenology, ecology.
Industry:Weather
The ancient Greek name for the north wind (now also borras). Being cold and stormy, it is represented on the Tower of the Winds in Athens by a warmly clad old man carrying a conch shell (probably to represent the howling of the wind). The term may originally have meant “wind from the mountains,” thus the present use of bora.
Industry:Weather
