- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
In a chemical reaction, the energy that must be added to the reactants in order to allow a reaction to occur.
Industry:Weather
A category of cumulus cloud that can distribute air pollutants from the atmospheric boundary layer to the free atmosphere. These clouds have reached their level of free convection, allowing latent heat released during water-vapor condensation to contribute to the positive buoyancy of the cloudy air. These clouds are usually first produced by thermals, but can eventually decay into passive clouds before disappearing completely. Corresponding morphological species include cumulus mediocris, cumulus congestus, and cumulonimbus.
Industry:Weather
A front, or portion thereof, that produces appreciable cloudiness and, usually, precipitation.
Industry:Weather
That part of the soil included with the suprapermafrost layer (i.e., existing above permafrost) that usually freezes in winter and thaws in summer. Its bottom surface is the frost table, beneath which may lie permafrost or talik. The depth of the active layer varies anywhere from a few inches to several feet.
Industry:Weather
Reactive forms of nitrogen comprising nitric oxide, NO, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2; usually designated by NOx. These oxides of are responsible for ozone formation in the troposphere and play a major part in ozone loss in the stratosphere. The major sources of active nitrogen in the atmosphere are combustion, soil emissions, lightning, and the reaction of nitrous oxide with excited oxygen atoms in the stratosphere.
Industry:Weather
Reactive forms of nitrogen comprising nitric oxide, NO, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2; usually designated by NOx. These oxides of are responsible for ozone formation in the troposphere and play a major part in ozone loss in the stratosphere. The major sources of active nitrogen in the atmosphere are combustion, soil emissions, lightning, and the reaction of nitrous oxide with excited oxygen atoms in the stratosphere.
Industry:Weather
Permanently frozen ground (permafrost) which, after thawing by artificial or unusual natural means, reverts to permafrost under normal climatic conditions; opposed to passive permafrost.
Industry:Weather
A site on an ice nucleus that forms ice at a lower supersaturation or a smaller supercooling than elsewhere, resulting from a local impurity or defect giving a region of local strain and deformation in the atomic arrangement of the nucleus, matching it more closely to the arrangement of molecules in ice, and a lower energy requirement for nucleation.
Industry:Weather
