- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A measure or indicator of an aspect of the climate that has specific agricultural significance. Examples of an agroclimatic index are average length of growing season (period between average last and first freezing temperature dates), average growing degree-days or heat units in a growing season, average total chill hours or chill units, and average evapotranspiration.
Industry:Weather
The prediction of certain weather conditions or patterns that may have a significant effect on agriculture.
Industry:Weather
The major western semi of the subtropical gyre in the southern Indian Ocean and one of the swiftest ocean currents with mean speeds of 1. 6 m s−1 and peak speeds exceeding 2. 5 m s−1. Its total transport of 70 Sv (70 × 106 m3s−1) near 31°S and up to 135 Sv (135 × 106 m3s−1) near 35°S is also among the largest of all ocean currents. The Agulhas Current is fed mainly from the East Madagascar Current and to a smaller degree from the Mozambique Current. When passing the Agulhas Bank, the current produces significant upwelling. To the south of the Cape of Good Hope, the current flows west to southwestward first but turns sharply eastward when reaching the Agulhas Current retroflexion region near 40°S, 20°E. Eddies spawned in this region continue to move westward and turn northward to join the Benguela Current. The transport of water from the Indian into the Atlantic Ocean through the eddies is an important part of the global ocean conveyor belt.
Industry:Weather
Mixture of gases forming the earth's atmosphere, consisting of nitrogen (∼78 percent), oxygen (∼21 percent), water vapor, and other trace gases such as carbon dioxide, helium, argon, ozone, or various pollutants. The concentration of water vapor is very variable, being a strong function of temperature and, hence, altitude in the atmosphere. Dry air is referred to as air from which measurable amounts of water vapor have been physically removed. Pure, dry air has a density of 1. 293 kg m−3 at a temperature of 273 K and a pressure of 101. 325 kPa. Apart from the variability of water vapor, the composition of air is essentially constant to an altitude of at least 50 km and is presently approximated as follows. The concentration of ozone is variable, between 10 and 0. 1 parts per million. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have all been increasing since the beginning of the industrial age.
Industry:Weather
A pulsed, acoustic ranging device to determine water levels using the air column in a tube as the acoustic sound path. The fundamental measurement is the time it takes for the acoustic signal to travel from a transmitter to the water surface and then back to the receiver. The distance from a reference point to the water surface is derived from the travel time. A calibration point is set at a fixed distance from the acoustic transducer and is used to correct the measured distance using the calibrated sound velocity in the tube.
Industry:Weather
Very generally, any moving stream of air; it has no particular technical connotation.
Industry:Weather
A form of lightning discharge similar to a cloud discharge in which the lightning channel propagates away from a cloud charge center into apparently clear air where it terminates. Thus, cloud charge is moved away from its original location and space charge of opposite sign outside the cloud may be neutralized.
Industry:Weather
General term for gravity-induced, downslope flow of relatively cold air. Winds thus produced are called gravity winds, slope winds, katabatic winds, or drainage winds.
Industry:Weather
1. A deposit of hoarfrost on objects above the earth's surface. 2. Same as ice fog.
Industry:Weather
