- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The vector difference between the real (or observed) wind and the geostrophic wind, that is, uag = u − ug. Sometimes the magnitude of this vector difference is meant.
Industry:Weather
The process of growth of hydrometeors in clouds by the collection of other hydrometeors. Another obsolete term for these processes is coagulation. Accretion, coalescence, and aggregation are the terms presently in use.
Industry:Weather
1. The process of combining different surface characteristics from neighboring heterogeneous regions into an average value for the area. It is used in boundary layer studies for surface fluxes, drag, and roughness. This process is often necessary to define surface characteristics for numerical models that have coarse horizontal grid mesh and that cannot resolve the individual surface areas. 2. The process of clumping together of snow crystals following collision as they fall to form snowflakes. This process is especially important near the melting layer where snow particles stick to each other more easily because of the liquid water on the surface. It also occurs at lower temperatures especially between dendritic snow crystals and occasionally rosette crystals in cirrus.
Industry:Weather
The line through all points on the earth's surface at which the magnetic declination is zero; that is, the locus of all points at which magnetic north and true north coincide. This line is a particular case of an isogonic line. The position of this line exhibits variations in time, but in 1995 was so located that it emanated from the north magnetic pole, trended southward through the Great Lakes region, left the American mainland near Mississippi, cut across South America to near Buenos Aires, thence through the south magnetic pole, and up in an irregular path on the other side of the earth to return to the north magnetic pole. At the present time, the North American segment of the agonic line is drifting very slowly westward. Compare aclinic line.
Industry:Weather
In general, climatology as applied to the effect of climate on crops. It includes especially the length of the growing season, the relation of growth rate and crop yields to the various climatic factors and hence the optimal and limiting climates for any given crop, the value of irrigation, and the effect of climatic and weather conditions on the development and spread of crop diseases. This discipline is primarily concerned with the space occupied by crops, namely, the soil and the layer of air up to the tops of the plants, in which conditions are governed largely by the microclimate.
Industry:Weather
Conditions that result in adverse crop responses, usually because plants cannot meet potential transpiration as a result of high atmospheric demand and/or limited soil moisture. Drought severity may be defined according to the Palmer Drought Severity Index or functionally expressed as yield-reducing water stress.
Industry:Weather
A collection of sensors connected to a data logger, designed to accumulate several types of soil and atmosphere observations, and report weather variables related to agriculture, representing conditions for a designated area.
Industry:Weather
In general, meteorology and micrometeorology as applied to specific agricultural systems and of agriculture as applied to specific atmospheric conditions. This discipline may emphasize atmospheric transport of insects, pathogens, etc. , that impact agriculture as well as energy and mass exchange of plants and animals with the atmospheric environment. The effect of soils and vegetation on the ratio of sensible and latent energy exchange is representative of the impact of agriculture on meteorology.
Industry:Weather
