- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The line of latitude 66°34′S (often taken as 66 °S). Along this line the sun does not set on the day of the summer solstice, about 22 December, and does not rise on the day of the winter solstice, about 21 June.
Industry:Weather
A water mass formed by deep winter convection at the coast of Antarctica, particularly in the Weddell and Ross Seas but also at other shelf locations. Being the densest water mass of the World Ocean, AABW is found to occupy the depth range below 4000 m of all ocean basins that have a connection to the Southern Ocean at that level. At the time of formation its temperature is close to the freezing point (−1. 9°C), but to enter the oceans, AABW has to pass through and mix with the water of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which gives it its typical salinity of 34. 7 psu and temperature of +0. 3°C. Because of this it is also known as Antarctic Circumpolar Water, particularly in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Industry:Weather
The glacial anticyclone that has been said to overlie the continent of Antarctica; analogous to the Greenland anticyclone. Until the International Geophysical Year there had been insufficient observational evidence to either support or contradict this theory.
Industry:Weather
A cold, dry air mass developed over the continent of Antarctica. Antarctic air is generally colder at the surface in all seasons, and at all levels in austral (Southern Hemisphere) autumn and winter, than arctic air. See airmass classification.
Industry:Weather
1. The deviation of (usually) temperature or precipitation in a given region over a specified period from the long-term average value for the same region. 2. In geophysics, the local deviation from the long wavelength trend, as magnetic anomaly or gravity anomaly. 3. In oceanography, the difference between conditions actually observed at a station and those that would have existed had the water all been of a given arbitrary temperature and salinity.
Industry:Weather
A special case of pattern correlation for which the variables being correlated are the departure from some appropriately defined mean, most commonly a climatological mean.
Industry:Weather
Literally, refraction that is not normal or typical. Anomalous or abnormal is frequently used to characterize the conditions that give rise to mirages, such as in this example: “Abnormal refraction responsible for mirages is invariably associated with abnormal temperature distributions that yield abnormal spatial variations in the refractive index. ” Yet mirages and the conditions that give rise to them are very common. It would appear that, when these terms are used, normality is something defined by the free atmosphere, far from surfaces. Certainly, by that measure, the refractive index gradients near a surface are abnormal. It is misleading to imply that either the refractive structures or the mirages are abnormal or anomalous when they are so common near the earth's surface, merely because they are not as common farther away from that surface.
Industry:Weather
A propagation path of electromagnetic radiation that deviates from the path expected from refractive conditions in a standard atmosphere. In standard propagation conditions, radiation transmitted horizontally at the earth's surface is bent downward along a path with a radius of curvature equal to 4/3 times the radius of the earth. Subrefractive propagation causes less bending of the ray and superrefractive propagation causes greater downward bending than in the standard conditions. AP clutter is an extended region of ground echoes caused by superrefraction. See effective earth radius.
Industry:Weather
Not encompassed by rules governing the majority of cases; distinguished from abnormal by implying a difference of kind rather than a difference merely of degree. This distinction between anomalous and abnormal is not strictly recognized in meteorology. As an example, a weather anomaly often implies a difference of degree.
Industry:Weather
The storage capacity of a reservoir required to smooth out seasonal fluctuations in streamflow within a year.
Industry:Weather
