- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
The statement that a net upward or buoyant force, equal in magnitude to the weight of the displaced fluid, acts upon a body either partly or wholly submerged in a fluid at rest under the influence of gravity. This force is known as the Archimedean buoyant force (or buoyancy), is independent of the shape of the submerged body, and does not depend upon any special properties of the fluid.
Industry:Weather
The name applied to a squall in the Tropics when the squall cloud features a well- developed arcus (or roll cloud). It is usually a relatively violent storm.
Industry:Weather
A luminous, gaseous, electrical discharge in which the charge transfer occurs continuously along a narrow channel of high ion density. An arc discharge requires a continuous source of an electric potential gradient across the terminals of the arc. Arc discharges do not naturally occur in the atmosphere. Compare corona discharge, point discharge, spark discharge.
Industry:Weather
A finite–difference approximation to the Jacobian operator that conserves both kinetic energy and entropy.
Industry:Weather
The altitude along the instrument approach glide path of a landing aircraft from which the pilot will first see 500 ft of the approach light array.
Industry:Weather
A line of cumuliform clouds that forms as a result of local convergence along the boundary separating low-level convective storm outflow from the surrounding environment.
Industry:Weather
One of the three commonly detectable points along the vertical circle through the sun at which the degree of polarization of skylight goes to zero; a neutral point. The Arago point, so named for its discoverer, is customarily located at about 20° above the antisolar point, but it lies at higher elevations in turbid air. The latter property makes the Arago distance a useful measure of atmospheric turbidity. Measurements of the location of this neutral point are typically more easily carried out than measurements of the Babinet point and the Brewster point, both of which lie so close to the sun (about 20° above and below the sun, respectively) that glare problems become serious.
Industry:Weather
The angular distance from the antisolar point to the Arago point. The Arago distance is sensitive to the presence of foreign scattering particles in the atmosphere since these increase the contribution of the negative (horizontal) component of skylight polarization and hence shift the location of the point where the negative component is just equalled by the positive component. Thus the Arago distance is a useful measure of atmospheric turbidity. Its value is generally close to 20°, and is a function of solar elevation angle and of the wavelength of the light with which polarization is studied.
Industry:Weather
A geologic formation that is not permeable enough to yield significant quantities of water to wells, but on a regional scale can contribute significant water to the underlying or overlaying aquifers.
Industry:Weather
