- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A form of rotten ice; disintegrating sea ice (or lake ice) consisting of ice prisms or cylinders oriented perpendicular to the original ice surface; these “ice fingers” may be equal in length to the thickness of the original ice before its disintegration.
Industry:Weather
A fracture in an ice floe that has not parted substantially. More specifically, it is any fracture of fast ice, consolidated ice, or a single floe that may have been followed by separation ranging from a few centimeters to 1 m.
Industry:Weather
A free wave that propagates along a coastal boundary in a homogenous ocean with shelf topography (i.e., a sloping bottom). See also coastally trapped waves, shelf waves, Kelvin wave.
Industry:Weather
A forecast office with the responsibility for preparing analysis, guidance, and prognostic data, and/or for preparing forecasts and warnings over a regional or national domain to be disseminated to local weather stations, media, and other users of weather information.
Industry:Weather
A form of degree-day used to estimate the energy requirements for air conditioning or refrigeration; one cooling degree-day is given for each Fahrenheit degree that the daily mean temperature departs above the base of 24°C (75°F). Compare heating degree-day.
Industry:Weather
A form of gradient flow in which the centripetal acceleration exactly balances the horizontal pressure force. See cyclostrophic wind.
Industry:Weather
A forecast based solely upon the climatological statistics for a region rather than the dynamical implications of the current conditions. Climatological forecasts are often used as a baseline for evaluating the performance of weather and climate forecasts.
Industry:Weather
A flux of some variable opposite to the mean gradient of that variable. For example, if temperature decreases upward, then a counter-gradient heat flux would be downward, from cold to hot. While this appears to violate a law of thermodynamics that states heat flows from hot to cold, those laws are found not to be violated when nonlocal motions (air parcels moving across finite distances) are considered. Flux is not caused by, nor related to, the local gradient when coherent structures are present.
Industry:Weather
A flow of turbulence kinetic energy from larger eddies to smaller eddies. In the atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence is usually produced at scales roughly equal to the boundary layer depth (order of 1 km) by buoyancy or wind shear, and is dissipated by viscosity into heat at the smallest scales (order of 1 mm). Richardson's (1922) poem eloquently describes this cascade: Big whorls have little whorls, which feed on their velocity / And little whorls have lesser whorls, and so on to viscosity.
Industry:Weather
A differentiated zone of a cloud system in which the general appearance of the sky, as a whole, displays marked peculiarities.
Industry:Weather
