- 産業: Earth science
- Number of terms: 10770
- Number of blossaries: 1
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1. The upper limit and the coldest portion of the mesosphere. The transition zone between the mesosphere and the thermosphere.
2. The top of the mesosphere around an altitude of 85 km where temperatures reach their lowest in the entire atmosphere.
Industry:Earth science
A dimensionless number relating the ratio of inertial to molecular diffusive forces. Explicitly, Sc = UL/\kappa_D in which U and L are characteristic velocity and length scales, respectively, and \kappa_D is the diffusion constant of a solute in solution, such as salt in water.
Industry:Earth science
A force that opposes the relative motion of two material surfaces that are in contact with one another; the direction of the force on each body is opposite to the direction of its motion relative to the other body.
Industry:Earth science
A wave that propagates in density stratified fluid under the influence of buoyancy forces. Internal gravity waves are also called internal waves and gravity waves. The dispersion relation is given by frequency \omega = +/- N k_h/
Industry:Earth science
A flow driven by horizontal pressure gradients, due typically to the flow of a fluid of one density intruding into an ambient fluid of different density. In non-rotating fluid, the head of the current travels with uniform horizontal speed C (g'H)^(1/2) in which g' is the reduced gravity, H is the current depth, and C is a constant of order unity. Sea breezes, landslides, and some instances of cold water formation are common manifestations of gravity currents in geophysical circumstances.
Industry:Earth science
All the constituents making up the Sun's emission, including electrons, protons, neutrinos, and rare and heavy atomic nuclei.
Industry:Earth science
A growth of dinoflagellates (single-celled plant-like animals) in surface waters in such quantities as to color the sea red and kill fish.
Industry:Earth science
A wave that propagates, typically, on the surface of water under the influence of buoyancy forces. In water of uniform depth H, the dispersion relationship is given by squared frequency \omega^2 = gk tanh(kH), in which k is the wavenumber and g is the acceleration of gravity. In shallow water, when the wavelength is much larger than the fluid depth, the waves are nondispersive: the dispersion relationship is \omega = c k, in which phase speed c=(gH)^(1/2). In deep water the waves have dispersion relationship \omega = +/- (gk)^(1/2).
Industry:Earth science
A vertical temperature gradient in some layer of a body of water, which is appreciably greater than the gradients above and below it; also a layer in which such a gradient occurs. = The principal thermoclines in the ocean are either seasonal, due to heating of the surface water in summer, or permanent. thermohaline circulation - Circulation in water caused by changes in density brought about by the combined effect of variations in temperature and salinity.
Industry:Earth science
A principal cloud genus characterized by a gray later having a relatively uniform base; often occurring in the form of ragged patches or fragments (stratus fractus) and usually composed of fairly widely dispersed water droplets; similar to stratocumulus, but lower and lacking the latter's uniform relief.
Industry:Earth science
