- 産業: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
A sample of rock, soil, snow, or ice obtained by driving a hollow tube into the medium and withdrawing it with its contained sample or “core. ”
In general, the aim of core sampling is to obtain a specimen in its undisturbed natural state for subsequent analysis. The snow sampler is a hydrometeorological example of the type of instrument used to obtain core samples.
Industry:Weather
A reservoir that receives carbon from another carbon reservoir. Commonly used to denote a reservoir where the carbon amount increases because its total carbon received from all other reservoirs exceeds its total carbon transfer to the other reservoirs.
Industry:Weather
A ring of cloud seen occasionally at the top of a wall cloud (usually in wall clouds that are rotating) where the wall cloud is attached to the updraft base above it.
Industry:Weather
A reservoir that provides carbon to another carbon reservoir. Commonly used to denote a reservoir where the carbon inventory decreases because its total carbon emission or release to all other reservoirs exceeds its total absorption of carbon from all other reservoirs.
Industry:Weather
A region of the earth's surface characterized by an essentially homogeneous climate. A. Supan (1884) defined 34 different climatic provinces mainly by temperature and rainfall, partly by wind and orography. Compare humidity province, temperature province.
Industry:Weather
A reservoir that contains carbon as a principal element in the biogeochemical cycle.
Industry:Weather
A region of reverse flow immediately downwind of an obstacle or mountain, typically found when the static stability of the air is near neutral (Froude number greater than about 1. 5). The reverse flow indicates a circulation or permanent eddy downwind of the obstacle where the surface wind is opposite to the prevailing wind direction upstream of the obstacle. The circulation continues partway up the mountain slope and then breaks away from the mountain and flows in the prevailing wind direction, finally descending to make a closed circulation. Such a cavity circulation causes air pollutants emitted near the downwind base of the mountain or building to be drawn back toward the obstacle and remain somewhat trapped within the circulation, leading to much larger pollutant concentration values than would be predicted by typical pollutant dispersion models.
Industry:Weather
A region of continuous spectral absorption by a gas that shows no apparent line structure. Continuum absorption is explained semi-empirically as the overlap of absorption due to many absorption lines with centers far from the continuum region. A good example occurs in the 10- μm window region, where continuum absorption by water vapor can be particularly important. Compare band absorption, line absorption.
Industry:Weather
A region having irregular topography, such as mountains or coastlines. Complex terrain can also include variations in land use, such as urban, rural, irrigated, and unirrigated. Complex terrain often generates local circulations, or modifies ambient synoptic weather features, to create unique local weather characteristics such as katabatic winds, anabatic clouds, and sea breezes. In regions of complex terrain, weather forecast models must have high resolution to reproduce numerically the terrain-induced weather features.
Industry:Weather
