Created by: Leoneska
Number of Blossarys: 1
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- Croatian (HR)
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- Latvian (LV)
- Bosnian (BS)
- Kazakh (KK)
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- Chinese, Simplified (ZS)
- Indonesian (ID)
- Serbian (SR)
- Macedonian (MK)
- Serbo Croatian (SH)
- Spanish, Latin American (XL)
- Vietnamese (VI)
- Tamil (TA)
- Bengali (BN)
- Hungarian (HU)
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List of symbols used on the package/label and their explanation
sarakstu, simboli, ko izmanto iepakojuma/etiķetes un to skaidrojums
List of symbols used on the package/label and their explanation
sarakstu, simboli, ko izmanto iepakojuma/etiķetes un to skaidrojums
In United States safety standards, precautionary statements are sentences providing information on potential hazards, and proper procedures. They are used in situations from consumer product on labels and manuals, to descriptions of physical activities. Various methods are used to bring focus to them, such as setting apart from normal text, graphic icons, changes in text's font and color. Texts will often clarify the types of statements and their meanings within the text. Common precautionary statements are described below.
Amerikas Savienoto valstu drošības standartiem, piesardzības paziņojumiem ir teikumi, kas sniedz informāciju par iespējamo apdraudējumu un atbilstošas procedūras. Tie tiek izmantoti situācijās no patēriņa preču etiķetēs un pamācības, fizisko aktivitāšu aprakstiem. Dažādās metodes tiek izmantotas, lai fokusu, piemēram, nosakot neatkarīgi no parasta teksta, grafikas ikonas, teksta fontu un krāsu izmaiņas. Teksti bieži vien precizēs paziņojumiem un to nozīmes teksta veidu. Kopējā piesardzības paziņojumiem ir aprakstīti zemāk.
Dose means quantity in the following fields: In nutrition, medicine, and toxicology: * Dose (biochemistry), the quantity of something that may be eaten by or administered to an organism, or that an organism may be exposed to In medicine and toxicology: * Absorbed dose, an amount of radiation received * Dosing, the process of administering a measured amount of a medicine or chemical to an inanimate object or non-human animal * Effective dose, the smallest amount of a substance required to produce a measurable effect on a living organism * Equivalent dose, a measure of radiation dosage to tissue * Maximum tolerated dose, the highest dose of a radiological or pharmacological treatment that will produce the desired effect without unacceptable toxicity. * Optimal Biological Dose, the quantity of a radiological or pharmacological treatment that will produce the desired effect with acceptable toxicity. * Reference dose, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance Dosage is a synonym for the biochemical term dose!
Devas ir daudzums, kas šādās jomās: uzturs, medicīnā un toksikoloģija: * devas (bioķīmija) daudzums, kaut kas var ēst vai ievada organisma vai ja organisms var tikt pakļauti medicīnā un toksikoloģija: * absorbētās devas, iemaksājot saņemto starojuma * Dosing procesu administrēšanu mērījumu apjoms medikamenti vai ķimikālijas, nedzīvs objekts vai cilvēkiem nesaistīto dzīvniekiem * efektīvās devas, mazākais daudzums nepieciešams, lai saražotu izmērāmu iespaidu uz dzīvā organisma vielas * ekvivalento devu, audu radiācijas devas mērvienība * maksimāli pieļaujama devu, radiācijas vai farmakoloģisko ārstēšanu, kas ražos vēlamo efektu bez nepieņemami toksicitātes lielākajai devai. * Optimālu bioloģisko devu, daudzumu, radiācijas vai farmakoloģisko ārstēšanu, kas ražos vēlamo efektu ar pieņemamu toksicitāti. * Standartdevu, Amerikas Savienoto valstu vides aizsardzības aģentūra maksimālo pieņemamo perorālas devas toksiskas vielas devu, kas ir sinonīms bioķīmisko termins devu!
In medicine, most medications can be safely used with other medicines, but particular combinations of medicines need to be monitored for interactions, often by the pharmacist. In molecular biology, the knowledge on gene/protein interaction among themselves and with their metabolites is referred to as molecular pathways. Interactions between medications (drug interactions) fall generally into one of two main categories: 1. pharmacodynamic : Involving the actions of the two interacting drugs. 2. pharmacokinetic : Involving the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of one or both of the interacting drugs upon the other. In terms of efficacy, there can be three types of interactions between medications: additive, synergistic, and antagonistic. Additive interaction means the effect of two chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken separately. This is usually due to the two chemicals acting on the body in the same way. Examples would be Aspirin and Motrin, Alcohol and Depressant, tranquilliser and Painkiller. Synergistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate effect at the same doses. An example is Pesticide and Fertilizer, the biological effect is devastating. Antagonistic interaction means that the effect of two chemicals is actually less than the sum of the effect of the two drugs taken independently of each other. This is because the second chemical increases the excretion of the first, or even directly blocks its toxic actions. Antagonism forms the basis for antidotes of poisonings.
Medicīnā, lielākā daļa zāles var droši lietot ar citām zālēm, bet konkrētu zāļu kombinācijas, stingri jāuzrauga mijiedarbību, bieži vien ar farmaceitu. Molekulārās bioloģijas zināšanas par gēnu/proteīnu mijiedarbība savā starpā un ar to metabolītu dēvē par molekulāro ceļus. Mijiedarbība starp medikamentiem (narkotiku mijiedarbība) parasti iedalās vienai no divām galvenajām kategorijām: 1. farmakodinamiskās: saistībā ar darbībām, kas mijiedarbojas divas narkotikas. 2. farmakokinētiskie: iesaistot absorbcijas, sadalījumu, metabolismu un ekskrēcija vienas vai abu mijiedarbojošās narkotikas uz otra. Attiecībā uz efektivitāti, var būt trīs veidu mijiedarbība starp medikamentiem: piedevas, sinerģisku un vēl sliktākas. Piedevu mijiedarbība nozīmē divu ķīmisko vielu iedarbība ir vienāda ar summu, efekta divas ķīmiskās vielas, kas ņemti atsevišķi. Parasti to izraisa divas ķīmiskās vielas, kas iedarbojas uz ķermeni, tādā pašā veidā. Piemēri būtu aspirīnu un Motrin, alkoholu un Depressant, trankvilizatoru un pretsāpju līdzeklis. Sinerģētisko mijiedarbību nozīmē kopā divas ķimikālijas iedarbība ir lielāka nekā summa pēc to atsevišķas ietekmes pašas devas. Piemērs ir pesticīdu un minerālmēslu, bioloģiskā iedarbība ir postoša. Antagonistisks mijiedarbība nozīmē, ka divu ķīmisko vielu iedarbība ir faktiski mazāks par summu, kas veikti neatkarīgi vienu no otras divas narkotikas iedarbību. Tas ir tāpēc, ka otrais ķīmiskā palielina izdalīšanos no pirmajiem vai pat tieši bloķē tās toksiskās darbības. Antagonisms veido pamatu pretindes saindēšanās.
In medicine, an adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect, and may result from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, which could be due to medical error. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as "iatrogenic" because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects only occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause medical complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function, or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level. It may also be indicated by symptoms reported by a patient. Adverse effects may cause a reversible or irreversible change, including an increase or decrease in the susceptibility of the individual to other chemicals, foods, or procedures, such as drug interactions. In clinical trials, a distinction is made between adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Generally, any event which causes death, permanent damage, birth defects, or requires hospitalisation is considered an SAE.[1] The results of these trials are often included in the labelling of the medication to provide information both for patients and the prescribing physicians.
In medicine, an adverse effect is a harmful and undesired effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect, and may result from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, which could be due to medical error. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as "iatrogenic" because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects only occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause medical complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function, or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level. It may also be indicated by symptoms reported by a patient. Adverse effects may cause a reversible or irreversible change, including an increase or decrease in the susceptibility of the individual to other chemicals, foods, or procedures, such as drug interactions. In clinical trials, a distinction is made between adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Generally, any event which causes death, permanent damage, birth defects, or requires hospitalization is considered an SAE.[1] The results of these trials are often included in the labeling of the medication to provide information both for patients and the prescribing physicians.
Complication, in medicine, is an unfavourable evolution of a disease, a health condition or a medical treatment. The disease can become worse in its severity or show a higher number of signs, symptoms or new pathological changes, become widespread throughout the body or affect other organ systems. A medical treatment, such as drugs or surgery may produce adverse effects and/or produce new health problem(s) by itself. A new disease may also appear as a complication to a previous existing disease. Therefore, a complication may be iatrogenic, i.e., literally brought forth by the physician. Medical knowledge about a disease, procedure or treatment usually entails a list of the most common complications, so that they can be foreseen, prevented or recognised more easily and speedily. Depending on the degree of vulnerability, susceptibility, age, health status, immune system condition, etc. complications may arise more easily. Complications affect adversely the prognosis of a disease. Non-invasive and minimally invasive medical procedures usually favour fewer complications in comparison to invasive ones. Examples of complications * generalised septicemia (infection of the blood) may occur as a complication of an infected wound or abscess * Allergic shock can be a reaction to several kinds of anesthetics, as a complication in a surgery * Fractured ribs and sternum may be a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts in people suffering severe osteoporosis * Puerperal fever may be a common complication of childbirth and used to kill a large proportion of mothers before the advent of antisepsis and antibiotics * Diabetes mellitus may present a series of complications in an advanced or more severe stage, such as gangrene, diabetic foot, blindness, infections, etc. * Thrombosis in the heart or brain, causing stroke or acute myocardial infarction can be complications of blood coagulation disorders, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), endocarditis and artificial heart valves * Eczema vaccinatum is a rare and severe complication of smallpox vaccination in people with eczema * Hepatotoxic dementia is a possible complication of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis * Mental retardation is a common complication of untreated hydrocephalus * A paradoxical reaction to a drug; that is, a reaction that is the opposite to the intended purpose of the drug. An example is benzodiazepines, a class of psychoactive drugs considered minor tranquillisers with varying hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects; paradoxically they may also create hyperactivity, anxiety, convulsions etc. in susceptible individuals. [1] * Erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence are prevalent to prostatectomy.
Sarežģījums, medicīna, ir nelabvēlīga attīstība, slimības, veselības stāvokli vai ārstēšanu. Slimības var kļūt sliktāka tā smagums vai parādīt lielāku skaitu pazīmes, simptomi vai jaunu patoloģiskās izmaiņas kļūst plaši izplatīta visā ķermenī vai ietekmēt citām orgānu sistēmām. Ārstēšana, piemēram, narkotiku vai ķirurģija var kaitīgu iedarbību un/vai radīt jaunu veselības problēmas (u) pati par sevi. Jaunas slimības var parādīties arī kā iepriekšējā esošās slimības komplikācija. Tādēļ sarežģījumi varētu būt jatrogēnu, t.i., burtiski izņēma ar ārsta. Medicīniskās zināšanas par slimību, procedūru vai ārstēšana parasti saistīts saraksts Visbiežākās komplikācijas, tāpēc, ka viņi var paredzēt, novērst vai atzītas viegli un ātri. Atkarībā no pakāpes ievainojamību, uzņēmību, vecumu, veselības stāvokli, imūnās sistēmas stāvokli, u.c. komplikācijas var rasties daudz vienkāršāk. Komplikācijas nelabvēlīgi ietekmē slimības prognoze. Non invazīvās un minimāli invazīvās medicīniskās procedūras parasti favor mazāk salīdzinājumā ar invazīvām tiem komplikācijas. Piemēri komplikācijas * Generalized septicemia (asins infekcijas) var rasties kā komplikācijas no inficētas brūces vai abscess * alerģija šoks var būt reakcija uz dažāda veida anestēzijas, kā komplikācija ķirurģijā * komplikācija no cilvēkiem, kas cieš smagas osteoporozes cardiopulmonary atdzīvināšana mēģinājumiem var Fractured ribas un krūšu * Puerperal drudzis var būt kopējas komplikācija bērna piedzimšanas un izmantot, lai nogalinātu lielu daļu no mātēm pirms advent antisepsis un antibiotiku * Diabetes diabēts var radīt virkni sarežģījumu papildu vai daudz nopietnākus posmā, piemēram, gangrēna, diabēta pēdas, aklumu, infekcijas, utt. * Tromboze sirdi vai smadzenes, izraisot insulta vai akūts miokarda infarkts var būt komplikācijas, flebīts (vēnu iekaisums) asins recēšanas traucējumi, endokardīts, mākslīgā sirds vārstuļi * ekzēma vaccinatum ir reti un smagas komplikācijas Baku vakcinācijas cilvēkiem ar ekzēmu * hepatotoksiska demenci ir iespējams sarežģījums hepatīts un aknu ciroze * garīga atpalicība ir kopējā neapstrādātā hidrocefālija komplikācija * paradoksālas reakcijas ar narkotikām; t.i., reakcija, kas ir pretēja paredzētajam narkotikas. Ir, piemēram, benzodiazepīni, klases psihoaktīvās narkotikas uzskata par nelielu trankvilizatori ar dažādu hipnotisks, sedatīvs, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant un muskuļu relaxant iedarbību; paradoksālā kārtā tie var arī radīt hiperaktivitāte, trauksme, konvulsijas uc uzņēmīgiem indivīdiem. [1] * Erekcijas disfunkcija un urīna nesaturēšana ir izplatītas prostatectomy.
A contraindication (pronounced as contra-indication) is a condition or factor that speaks against a certain measure. It is mostly used in medicine, with regard to factors that increase the risks involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure, or engaging in a particular activity. Some contraindications are absolute, meaning that there are no reasonable circumstances for undertaking a course of action. For example, a baby with a fever should never be given aspirin because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, and a person with an anaphylactic food allergy should never eat the food to which they are allergic. Similarly, a person with hemochromatosis should not be administered iron preparations. Other contraindications are relative, meaning that the patient is at higher risk of complications, but that these risks may be outweighed by other considerations or mitigated by other measures. For example, a pregnant woman should normally avoid getting X-rays, but the risk may be far less than the risk of not diagnosing or being able to treat a serious condition such as tuberculosis or a broken bone. Relative contraindications may also be referred to as cautions, such as in the British National Formulary.
Kontrindikāciju (izrunā kā contra norāde) ir nosacījums vai faktors, kas runā pret noteiktu pasākumu. To galvenokārt lieto zāles, attiecībā uz faktoriem, kas palielina risku, izmantojot īpaši narkotiku, medicīniskās procedūras veikšanu vai iesaistīties konkrētu darbību. Dažas kontrindikācijas ir absolūtā nozīmē, ka nav nekādu pamatotu apstākļu uzņēmums rīcības gaitu. Piemēram, bērns ar drudzi nekad nav jādod aspirīnu Reye sindromu riska dēļ, un persona ar Anafilaktiskas pārtikas alerģija nekad vajadzētu ēst pārtiku, ar kuru tie ir alerģija. Līdzīgi, hemochromatosis personai nevajadzētu būt regulējamo dzelzs preparātus. Citi kontrindikācijas ir relatīvas, nozīmē, ka pacients ir lielāks komplikāciju risks, bet šie riski var atsver citi apsvērumi vai mazināti ar citiem pasākumiem. Piemēram, grūtniecei parasti vajadzētu izvairīties kļūst rentgena starus, bet risks var būt daudz mazāk nekā nav diagnozi vai to var ārstēt nopietna stāvokļa, piemēram, tuberkulozi vai kaula lūzumu risku. Relatīvās kontrindikācijas var tikt dēvēta arī piesardzības pasākumus, piemēram, Lielbritānijas valsts formulārs.
In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery. The opposite of indication is contraindication.
Medicīnā, norāde ir pamatots iemesls izmantot dažu testu, medikamenti, procedūru vai ķirurģija. Kontrindikāciju ir norādi pretēja.
description a statement presenting something in words, from verb describe
aprakstīt apraksts paziņojums rada kaut ko verb sabrukumam
instructions for use
"a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it" Essential Requirements - Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC - Annex I, 13.1: Each device must be accompanied by the information needed to use it safely and to identify the manufacturer, taking account of the training and knowledge of the potential user. This information comprises the details on the label and the data in the instructions for use. As far as practicable and appropriate, the information needed to use the device safely must be set out on the device itself and/or on the packaging of each unit. If not practicable, the information must be set out in the leaflet supplied with one or more devices. Instructions for use must be included in the packaging for every device. By way of exception, no such instruction leaflet is needed for devices in Class I or Class IIa if they can be used completely safely without any such instructions.
